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According the the Cenus Bureau, the 2000 population was 3,694,820 persons, and grew at the rate of 6.0% from 1990 to 2000. 46.5% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin, and 11.2% was of Black or African American origin. The City of Los Angeles covered 469 square miles with a density of 7,877 persons per square mile in year 2000.

City of Los Angeles California

Airport Code LAX

Los Angeles is 120 miles north of San Diego,
385 miles south of San Francisco,
and 270 miles south west of Las Vegas.

Los Angeles Transportation

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City of Los Angeles Museums

Autry National Center | Southwest Museum of the American Indian

California African American Museum
Children's Museum of Los Angeles

Craft and Folk Art Museum (CAFM)

LACMA Los Angeles County Museum of Art

MOCA The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles

Fowler Museum | UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History

The Getty

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Natural History Museum Critter Club

California Science Center

Southwest Museum of the American Indian

UCLA Hammer Museum

California African American Museum

The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens

Japanese American National Museum

Museum of Jurassic Technology in Los Angeles

Museum of the American West

Museum of Latin American Art

Museum of Tolerance

Skirball Cultural Center

UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History

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City of Los Angeles Area TV Stations

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California's National Parks

Santa Monica Mountains National Park

Los Angeles History, including Pershing Square

The first European, known by most, to have visited the Greater Los Angeles area was a Portuguese sailor, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, who explored the coast in 1542. In 1769, under Spanish rule, the governor of California, Don Gaspar de Portola, and Franciscan father Junipero Serra, started north from San Diego looking for places to build missions and Christianise California's natives. Eventually 21 California missions were established along El Camino Real (The King's Highway), two missions in what is now called the Los Angeles area: the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel in 1771 and the Mission San Fernando Rey de España in 1797. In 1781, the missionaries chose 44 settlers from San Gabriel to establish a new town on the banks of a stream about 9 miles (15km) southwest of the mission. They named the settlement El Pueblo de Nuestro Señora la Reina de los Angeles del Río Porciúncula, in English The Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of the Porciuncula River, after a saint's feast day that had just been celebrated. During the next few decades, Los Angeles became a popular farming community. After independence in 1821, many citizens looked to California for private land. By the mid-1830s, the missions had lost their religious influence, and a series of governors began doling out hundreds of free land grants, thus giving birth to the rancho system. The owners of the rancheros quickly became California's prominent or upper class citizens, while United States immigrants became the merchant class. By the mid-1830s, the population was only 29 US citizens in Los Angeles. This was because Most people hadn't heard about California until 1840, with the publication of Richard Henry Dana's popular "Two Years Before the Mast", an account of his experience plying the hide-and-tallow trade. Dana wrote "The Californios inhabit a country embracing four or five hundred miles of sea-coast with several harbours, with fine forests in the north; the waters filled with fish, and the plains covered with thousands of herds of cattle; blessed with a climate than which there can be no better in the world... In the hands of an enterprising people, what a country this might be." Los Angeles then had a population of just over 1200.

As part of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States paid $15 million for all Mexican territories west of the Rio Grande and north of Arizona's Gila River, including Alta California. Gold first unearthed near the San Fernando mission in 1842, and by James Marshall's larger and more famous 1848 discovery on the American River, drove the population up rapidly.

Los Angeles became a county on April 4, 1850. On September 9, 1850, California was admitted to the union as the 31st state.

Meanwhile, in the oil industry, oil from hand-dug pits at Los Angeles was distilled to produce lamp oil by General Andreas Pico. This started the end of using whale oil for lighting.

The land commission was sent west by Congress in 1851. Everyone who had received a land grant two decades earlier was now forced to prove its legitimacy with documents and witnesses. Also in 1854, the northern California gold rush peaked and the state's economy fell. As unemployed miners flocked to LA, businesses that had harnessed their futures to miners' fortunes closed their doors. By 1857, some 800 cases had been reviewed by tribunal, 500 in favour of the original, pre-rancho, landowners.

When the nation's first transcontinental railroad, the Central Pacific (later renamed the Southern Pacific), was completed in 1869, San Francisco was California's trade center. Los Angeles was isolated some 360 miles away, without a railroad, it unattractive to San Francisco's traders. Seven year later in 1876, Los Angeles and San Francisco were joined by rail via the San Joaquin Valley. In 1885 a second route from Los Angeles to the east was completed by the Santa Fe Railroad through the southern United States to the east. All this just in time to service the upstart southern Californian orange-growing industry. The first commercial grove proved so successful that a second crop was established in what is now Orange County. By 1889, more than 13,000 acres (5200 hectares) were planted in citrus.

In 1875 the first commercial oil field in California was discovered at Pico Canyon in Los Angeles County. In 1885, Oil burners on steam engines in the California oil fields, and later on steam locomotives, created new oil markets. In 1886, Gasoline-powered automobiles introduced in Europe by Karl Benz and Wilhelm Daimler created additional markets for California oil.

In 1887, Southern Pacific completed the railroad from Los Angeles to Santa Ana and San Diego.

A small suburban town of Hollywood at the beginning twentieth century soon become part of Los Angeles. Hollywood became part of Los Angeles in 1910 as some film makers settled in Hollywood. Hollywood was a small dusty suburb with a population around only four thousand people in 1911. Also the Nestor Company opened Hollywood's first film studio in an old tavern on the corner of Sunset and Gower. Soon, Cecil B. DeMille and D. W. Griffith began making movies in the Hollywood area drawn to the community because within a two hundred mile radius, Los Angeles had every variety of natural scenery, with high and low deserts, mountains and beaches. Hollywood grew to about 36,000 people in 1920. In 1925 sound revolutionized the movie industry and Hollywood's population grew to 235,000 people in 1930.



LA's population soared to one million by 1920, and to two million by 1930, mostly fueled by increased oil production. During WWI, the Lockheed brothers and Donald Douglas established aerospace plants in the area, and by WWII the aviation industry employed enough people to bring LA out of the Depression. A real estate boom, capitalizing on the influx of aviation employees, brought capital to the region as well as the movie and oil industries.

In 1985, the Hollywood Boulevard commercial and entertainment district was officially listed in the National Register of Historic Places protecting the neighborhood's important buildings and making sure Hollywood's past would always be a part of its future.

The Census Bureau reports the estimated 2003 population at 3,819,951 people, and it also estimated to be growing at about 1% per year as the density increases. The decentralized nature of Southern California means there is no broadly accepted definition of the phrase 'Greater Los Angeles Area' or 'Southland,' the definition differs from area to area in Southern California.

Pershing Square, at 532 South Olive Street, between West 5th and West 6th Streets-This Park land was dedicated for use By Mayor Aguilar in 1866. Then the park was called La Plaza Abaja, in English, The Lower Plaza. In 1886, it was renovated with an official park plan designed by City engineer (and later Mayor) Fred Eaton. In 1911, the park was redesigned by Los Angeles architect John Parkinson, to reflect the social and economic growth of the City. During World War I, the Square was often the scene or receptions for the militia and provided a forum for public speakers, much like London's Hyde Park Corner. On November 8, 1918, the park was formally named Pershing Square in honor of the World War I general. The next major change came in the 1950's, when a 3-story, 1800-car garage was built beneath the Park to serve the growing downtown theater crowd and surrounding businesses. In 1989, the Pershing Square Property Association contributed $8.5 million and the Community Redevelopment Agency provided $6 million to assist the Department of Recreation and Parks in the renovation of the Park. Their common goal was realized when the Park was dedicated on February 3, 1994.

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