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Egypt, Arab Republic of Egypt جمهورية مصر العربية Gumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah

From the US CIA November 9, 2010: The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C., and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and who ruled for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Following the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became an important world transportation hub, but also fell heavily into debt. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty with the overthrow of the British-backed monarchy in 1952. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to meet the demands of Egypt's growing population through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure.

Egypt, جمهورية مصر العربية
Gumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah

Egypt

Egypt Cities

Alexandira Egypt
الإسكندرية

Named after its founder, Alexander the Great. Located about 208 km or 129 miles northwest of Cairo on the Mediterranean Sea coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport and second largest city.

Aswan Egypt
أسوان

The Aswan High Dam

View along the street in front of railway station in Aswan

Aswan Egypt
أسوان

Located about 81 miles south of Luxor.

Located near Aswan, the world famous High Dam was an engineering miracle when it was built in the 1960s. It contains 18 times the material used in the Great Pyramid of Cheops. The Dam is 11,811 feet long, 3215 feet thick at the base and and 364 feet tall. Today it provides irrigation and electricity for the whole of Egypt and, together with the old Aswan Dam built by the British between 1898 and 1902, 6km down river. From the top of the two Mile long High Dam you can see across Lake Nassar, the huge reservoir the dam created, to Kalabsha temple in the south and the huge power station in the north.

The High Dam created a 30% increase in the cultivatable land in Egypt, and raised the water table for the Shara as far away as Algeria. The electricity producing capability of the Dam doubled Egypt's available supply.

Cairo Egypt
القاهرة (al-Qāhira)

Cairo Egypt

The capital city of Egypt and Egypt's largest City.

Cairo Universities

Elephantine Island Egypt

Elephantine, Greek for elephant. Elephantine Island is the largest of the Aswan area islands, and is one of the most ancient areas in Egypt.

Elephantine, is a unique historic town, since the temples, housing and industrial estates built there illustrate the Egyptian civilization to prehistoric ages (5500 to 3500 BC).

Hurghada Egypt
الغردقة

Hurghada is in the Red Sea Governorate. If it takes place in or on water you can do it here: windsurfing, sailing, deep sea fishing, swimming, snorkeling and diving.

Luxor Egypt
اللأقصر al-Uqṣur

Sphinx Luxor

Luxor is Luxor Governorate capital. Luxor could be called the worlds greatest open air museum, because the number of the monuments in the area, and also the preservation is very good.

Luxor is three different areas, consisting of the City of Luxor on the East side of the Nile, the town of Karnak just north of Luxor and on the west bank of the Nile Thebes (in old times called Waset). Across the River Nile from Luxer lie the monuments, temples and tombs on the West Bank Necropolis, which include the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens.

Sharm El-Sheikh Egypt
شرم الشيخ

Sharm El-Sheikh is a city on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in South Sinai Governorate

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